Fig. 4. Heat shock induces deep alterations in the nuclear shape of cells from FPLD patients. Unheated (Time 0) and heat-shocked (30 min H.S.) fibroblasts from a control individual and patient JM (LaA/C R482Q) were fixed, then immunolabeled for A-type lamins (LA/C, red), and finally analyzed by confocal microscopy. Three sections of each cell were examined (upper, middle, lower). A row containing the superposition of the three sections is shown at the bottom of the figure (Total). Note in the nuclear envelope of heated fibroblasts of JM patient the presence of folds (arrowheads), and ‘holes’ (arrows) that may represent invaginations, evaginations or channels (arrows). The end of one of these channels is visible (double arrow). The honeycomb structure of the lamina in a nucleus from JM patient is indicated by asterisks. Bar, 10 µm.