Fig. 4. Visualization of V-ATPase subunits in VatMpr, DH1 and VMop cells. Bacterially grown DH1 (A,D,G,J), VatMpr (B,E,H,K), and VMop cells (C,F,I,L) were fixed and stained with either N2 (A,B,C) or N4 (G,H,I) monoclonal antibodies, recognizing VatM and VatA, respectively. Phase contrast images are shown below their corresponding immunofluorescence images. Fixation and staining conditions (described in Materials and Methods) were identical for all cell types. Bar, 10 µm.