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Fig. 1. Hydroxyl-radical-induced whole cell outward K+ (Kout) and inward Ca2+ (Cain) currents in protoplasts from Arabidopsis root mature epidermis. (A) Whole cell control currents. (B) Whole cell currents from the same protoplast after 15 minutes exposure to 1 mM Cu2+/ascorbate (Cu/a). (c) Mean (±s.e.m.) current-voltage curves.