Fig. 7. NudC overexpression induces multinucleation. HeLa cells transduced with either Ad-Luc or Ad-NudC were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells were stained with anti-NudC C peptide antibodies (red) and counterstained with DAPI (blue), and the same fluorescence intensity setting was used to capture NudC staining for control and Ad-NudC transduced cells. (A-C) Control Ad-Luc cells showing normal increases in cell numbers from 24 hours to 72 hours. At the selected fluorescence setting, no endogenous NudC staining was detectable in control cells. (D-H) Ad-NudC transduced cells showed high levels of NudC staining from 24 hours to 96 hours of infection. Cells became multinucleate as early as 24 hours after Ad-NudC transduction (D, arrows), large and flat by 72 hours (F), and over 90% of the cells contained numerous nuclei (G) or a few enlarged nuclei (H) by 96 hours. Some of these multinucleate cells also contained micronuclei (F, arrow and inset, G,H, arrows). See also Fig. 8D,E for multinucleate cells in the Ad-NudC population. Bar, 20 µm.