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Fig. 5. Nuclear translocation of Smad4 upon BMP4 stimulation in postnatal spermatogonia. Immunofluorescence analysis for Smad4 in control and BMP4-treated spermatogonia isolated at 4 dpn with (A) Smad4, (B) Smad5, and (C) Smad8 (400x magnifications). The merged images show the nuclear localization of Smad4 and Smad5, but not of Smad8. (D) Western blot analysis for Smad4, Smad5 and Smad8 in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from control and BMP4-treated 7 dpn spermatogonia. Twenty µg of proteins were loaded in each lane.