Fig. 3. GDNF regulates kidney development. GDNF (red) is expressed by the
metanephric mesenchyme, and RET (green) by the Wolffian duct, from which the
ureteric budding is promoted by GDNF. When the tip of the bud has induced two
subsets of mesenchymal cells for epithelial differentiation, these cells
strongly upregulate GDNF. This leads to formation of a double-gradient of GDNF
around the ureteric tip and its branching.