Fig. 1. A novel post-phosphorylation regulatory mechanism in phosphorylation
signaling. Phosphorylation of proteins by proline-directed kinases (e.g. CDKs,
MAPKs, GSK-3ß) creates binding sites for the prolyl-isomerase Pin1 (1st
step). Subsequent prolyl-isomerization by Pin1 induces conformational changes
and thereby regulates the function of target proteins (2nd step).