Fig. 1D. (A) Sequence alignment of the five first members of the PARP family. Sequence alignment of amino acids 352 to 923 of human PARP-1 [hPARP-1, accession number P09874 (Cherney et al., 1987; Kurosaki et al., 1987; Uchida et al., 1987)], human PARP-2 [hPARP-2, AJ236912, (Ame et al., 1999)], human PARP-3 [hPARP-3, accession number NM_005485 (Johansson, 1999)], vault-particle-associated PARP [VPARP, accession number AF057160 (Kickhoefer et al., 1999)] and tankyrase [accession number AF082556 (Smith et al., 1998b)]. Cylinders and arrows schematically represent helices and ß-strands, respectively, as previously shown in the chicken PARP-1 structure (Ruf et al., 1996). (B) Schematic representation of the functional domains of hPARP-1 and hPARP-3. (C) Structure of the two possible versions of the human PARP-3 gene product by alternative splicing of the first exon. AS, acceptor site; DS, donor site. (D) PCR products loaded on 6% polyacrylamide gel. (E) Chromosomal mapping of hPARP-3: FISH of the hPARP-3 gene on a human lymphocyte chromosome spread (arrows). Chromosomes are counterstained with propidium iodide. (F,G) Chromosomal mapping of mouse PARP-3: FISH of mPARP-3 on a mouse fibroblasts chromosome spread. Chromosomes are counterstained with DAPI. The sequence data of hPARP-3 is available from GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ under accession number AY126341.