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Fig. 12. Model of the role of CTSD in epidermal differentiation. During epidermal differentiation, the aspartate protease CTSD in the stratum granulosum (SG) is activated, cleaves the membrane-bound 150 kDa precursor of transglutaminase 1 (TG1) producing the active 35 kDa form. TG1 in turn mediates cross-linking of the cornified envelope (CE) proteins involucrin and loricrin to the CE. SC, stratum corneum; SS, stratum spinosum; SB, stratum basale.