Fig. 4. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) of the DNA binding of HIF-1 protein in control RTG-2 cells (C), in the presence of the antioxidant NAC (1 mM; N) and in the presence of the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (10 nM; P). The antioxidant markedly increased the DNA binding of HIF-1 protein in normal oxygen conditions. Hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen) markedly increased the DNA binding of HIF-1 protein in control cells (HC), and in cells treated with the protein kinase C inhibitor (HP), but slightly decreased the DNA binding of cells treated with the antioxidant (HN).