Fig. 7. GSH represses SG formation. HeLa cells expressing AIF or not were pretreated with glutathione ethyl ester (GSH) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for 1 hour, before addition of HAsO₄, followed by detection of NAD(P)H (by autofluorescence) (A), intracellular GSH levels (with monochlorobimane, B), or the abundance of SGs (with anti-TIA-1, C). Alternatively, cells were treated with GSH or NAC immediately after liposome-mediated tranfection of the SG inducer G3BP-GFP. After 24 hours, SG formation was quantified by assessing the cytoplasmic nucleation of G3BP-GFP.