Fig. 7. Overview of the CapG-induced invasion pathway. The figure summarizes co-transfection experiments in HEK293T cells of CapG-EGFP with dominant-negative or partial loss-of-function mutants of signalling proteins. Arrows indicate activation. The crossed arrows mean that this pathway is not implicated. The broken arrows point to signalling to the nucleus. The thick arrow indicates parallel or branching pathways. PAK1 83-149 (encoding the auto-inhibitory domain) and PAK1 K299R (a kinase dead mutant) did not block CapG-induced invasion. Therefore the Cdc42 (PAK1RhoA) hierarchical ordering as depicted does not contribute to this invasion pathway. Instead, RhoA is either linked to Cdc42 via another route, or acts independently of Cdc42.