Fig. 11. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis measuring CHOP mRNA levels in wild-type and Hsp47^–/– embryos. Total RNA isolated from embryos at 9.5 dpc (A) and 10.5 dpc (B) were analysed by real time PCR using primers specific to CHOP and ß-actin in the presence of SYBER Green. Levels of amplified products were recorded throughout the PCR reaction, and the level of CHOP cDNA was normalized against that of ß-actin cDNA. The calculated CHOP mRNA levels of wild-type embryos were set at 1.0. Mean with standard deviations for 11-14 embryos are shown.