Fig. 1. (A) Time-lapse video microscopy of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cancer cell lines BE and DU145. Cells plated on Matrigel were allowed to attach for 1 hour and then analysed for 16 hours to establish elongation and motility profiles. Images shown were taken from recordings at 1 (a), 2 (b), 4 (c), 8 (d) and 16 (e) hours after plating (left panel). Individual cell elongation was measured from several recorded images using frame-by-frame analysis over 16 hours and a mean average percentage elongation post-plating calculated and reported with standard deviations (n=30; right panel). (B) Serum-starved cells were plated on growth factor-reduced Matrigel with serum as a chemoattractant. Invasion into this matrix was measured over 48 hours. The leading edge of migration of cells was recorded by Z-section confocal microscopy and the invasion distance of individual cells calculated from several reconstructed images using velocity software and reported along with standard deviations (n=10; left panel). Three-dimensional reconstruction of BE invasion profile at 24 and 48 hours using Velocity software (right panel).