Fig. 11. Propagation of Ca²⁺ waves from subepithelial fibroblasts to neuronal cells. (A) Differentiated NG108-15 cells were seeded onto the culture of subepithelial fibroblasts and co-cultured for 1 day (upper left, Nomarski image). A NG108-15 cell is indicated by `N' in the figure. Ca²⁺ waves were generated by touching a subepithelial fibroblast (3.7-18.6 seconds). Each image is superimposed onto the ratio (F405:F480) image (yellow) with Nomarski images. Yellow parts indicate the cells in which Ca²⁺ increased. Co-cultured NG108-15 cell (indicated by an asterisk) was activated with the Ca²⁺ waves. (B) Time courses of Ca²⁺ wave propagation in subepithelial fibroblasts (colored lines) and Ca²⁺ increases in NG108-15 cells (black line with filled circles) are shown by the ratio (F405/F480) in each cell.