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Fig. 4. T. gondii does not inhibit general nuclear import mechanisms or interrupt the constitutive nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of NF-{kappa}B. To address whether T. gondii regulates general nuclear import, infected HFFs were microinjected with SV40-NLS crosslinked to BSA (A) and assessed using real-time imaging. Microinjection of uninfected cells with this construct resulted in rapid accumulation in the nucleus, reaching nucleo-cytoplasmic equilibrium within 10 minutes following microinjection (data not shown) (A). Microinjection of T. gondii-infected cells with BSA-NLS complex. PV, parasitopharous vacuole; host cell nucleus indicated by arrow. (B) Treatment of uninfected cells (B, top panels) or infected cells (B, bottom panels; parasite containing vacuoles indicated by yellow triangles) with LMB for 4 hours resulted in the nuclear accumulation of p65/RelA.