Fig. 5. Stress-derived exosomes do not mature dendritic cells. MDDCs (day 6) were incubated alone, with control exosomes or with 3 hour heat-shocked exosomes (1-100 µg per 10⁵ MDDCs), or with LPS (0.1 or 10 µg/ml). (a) After 48 hours, MDDCs were harvested, fixed and analysed for CD83 expression by flow-cytometry. (b) Culture supernatants were taken and cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12) were measured by ELISA. Graph shows mean+s.d. of triplicate measurements.