Fig. 3. Interstitial flow induces -SMA expression in fibroblasts. (A) Confocal images of cells at 2 and 5 days showing -SMA expression under mechanically constrained static and interstitial flow conditions (green, f-actin; red, -SMA; arrow indicates flow direction). (B) Significantly higher levels of -SMA expression are seen in fibroblasts undergoing interstitial flow at both time points (**P<0.01 using Dunn's test). Box plot shows 95% confidence intervals with midline showing the median. (C) The percentage of proliferating (Ki67+) cells after 2 days was higher under interstitial flow conditions than either constrained or relaxed static controls (bar represents the mean value and error bars, s.d.; **P<0.01 using Dunnett's test). Bar, 200 µm.