Fig. 2. (A) Cell aggregation assays were performed by incubation of pancreatic carcinoma cells PANC-1 and BxPC-3 under constant agitation in HEPES buffer plus CaCl₂ supplemented with solvent, TGFß₁ (10 ng/ml), EDTA/EGTA (5 mM each) or TGFß₁ (10 ng/ml) + E-cadherin neutralising antibody (nAB=DECMA1, 4 µg/ml). The aggregation index was determined by A=(N_o–N_e)/N_o, N_o represents the total particle number before and N_e the particle number after 30 minutes of incubation with constant rotation at 70 rpm. Mean values ±s.e.m. are shown of three independent experiments. (B) Cell migration of PANC-1 and BxPC-3 was analysed using uncoated or collagen type I-coated transwell cell culture inserts with 8 µm pores. After inhibition of cell proliferation by treatment with 10 µg/ml mitomycin C, 20 ng/ml TGFß₁ or solvent were added to the lower compartment. After 48 hours of incubation the number of cells, which had migrated through the pores, was estimated by counting 5 independent visual fields. Three independent assays were performed in triplicate. Mean values ±s.e.m. are shown.