Fig. 1. Characterization of Drosophila wing phenotypes induced by nef expression. (A) MS1096/Y. (B) MS1096/Y;; UAS-nef/+. (C) MS1096/Y;; UAS-nef/UAS-nef. (D) MS1096/Y;; UAS-nef-G2A/+. (E) ap-GAL4/bc. (F) ap-GAL4/+; UAS-nef/+. (G) Comparison between tissue sizes of nef-expressing wings and control wings. Wing imaginal discs were obtained from third-instar larvae. The standard deviation is obtained by examining 20 samples of the same genotype. Fly genotypes: MS1096 (MS1096/X). 1xnef (MS1096/X;; UAS-nef/+). 2xnef (MS1096/X;; UAS-nef/UAS-nef). G2A (MS1096/X; UAS-nef-G2A/+). (H) Determination of expression and induction levels of nef transcript using northern-blot analysis. To induce expression of wild-type and G2A nef, third-instar larvae were subjected to 2 hours of heat shock at 37°C. 18S rRNA was used as a control. Fly genotypes were as follows. Cont: Control, hsp70-GAL4/+. nef: hsp70-GAL4/+; UAS-nef/+. G2A: hsp70-GAL4/UAS-nef-G2A.