Fig. 3. JNK signaling pathway mediates Nef-induced apoptosis. (A-H) Functional interactions between Nef and the JNK pathway were determined by wing phenotypes. Fly genotypes were as follows. (A) MS1096/X; UAS-bsk/+. (B) MS1096/X; UAS-hep/+. (C) MS1096/X; UAS-bsk/+; UAS-nef/+. (D) MS1096/X; UAS-hep/+; UAS-nef/+. (E) bsk¹/+. (F) MS1096/Y; bsk¹/+; UAS-nef/+. (G) Basc/Y; ap-GAL4/+; UAS-nef/+. (H) hep¹/Y; ap-GAL4/+; UAS-nef/+. (I-K) Suppression of the Nef-induced apoptosis by reducing JNK gene dosage. Wing imaginal discs were stained with acridine orange. Fly genotypes were as follows. (I) bsk¹/+. (J) MS1096/X;; UAS-nef/+. (K) MS1096/Y; bsk¹/+; UAS-nef/+. (L-N) Enhanced puc expression caused by nef expression. Wing imaginal discs were stained with X-gal to determine ß-galactosidase production. Fly genotypes were as follows. (L) ap-GAL4/+; puc-lacZ/+. (M) ap-GAL4/+; UAS-nef/puc-lacZ. (N) hep^r75/Y; ap-GAL4/+; UAS-nef/puc-lacZ. (O) ap-GAL4/UAS-hep; puc-lacZ/+.