Fig. 9. Model for adhesion-dependent and adhesion-independent integrin signaling. In model 1, survival signals are generated by both adhesion and growth factors, as seen in untransformed cells. Model 2 illustrates a possible mechanism of eliminating the requirement for adhesion by Ras-transformed cells, but signaling events that are still dependent on myosin II. We propose that Ras-transformed cells can activate myosin II through MLCK, leading to integrin activation and associated survival signals.