Fig. 3. A direct-current EF induces [Ca2+]i elevation compared with the control. (A) F:F0 ratio of control cells and iplA mutants exposed to an EF or cAMP. (B-D) Relative fluorescence intensity (F:F0 is the average F:F0 ratio of control cells) obtained for (B) individual wild-type cells in, (C) an EF under control conditions and (D) following stimulation with cAMP. Arrows indicate start of EF exposure (in B) or addition of cAMP (in D).