Fig. 3. Regulation of the CCN2 promoter and 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). The CCN2 promoter contains recognition sequences for HIF, Smad, BCE-1, Ets-1 and Sp1, as indicated. The 3' UTR of the gene (white rectangle) contains a cis-acting element of structure-anchored repression (CAESAR). Hypoxia, TGFß and endothelin-1 induce CCN2 as indicated.