Fig. 6. Effects of double knockdown and reverse rescue experiments between ARHGEF6 and PAK3. (A) The abnormal phenotype obtained in a cell co-transfected with EGFP, ARHGEF6 siR1 and PAK3 siRNA (left) and in a cell co-transfected with EGFP, PAK3 siRNA and wild-type ARHGEF6 (right). Bar, 2 µm. (B) Changes in large mushroom-type spines (spine head diameter >0.7 µm) observed in control, EGFP-transfected cells (white bar), in ARHGEF6 siRNA transfected cells (siGEF, dashed bar), in double knockdown cells transfected with EGFP, ARHGEF6 siR1 and PAK3 siRNA (siGEF + siPAK3, black bar), and in reversed rescue experiments (cells transfected with EGFP, PAK3 siRNA and wild-type ARHGEF6; siPAK3 + wtGEF, grey bar). Data are mean ± s.e.m. of 5-11 cells; ^*P<0.05. (C) Same as in B, but for filopodia. (D) Same as in B, but for elongated spines (1.8 µm).