JCS -- Jeon et al. 119 (23): 4994 Figure IG10

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Fig. 10. Schematic illustration of the molecular mechanisms involved in the SPC-induced differentiation of hATSCs. SPC increases the expression of smooth-muscle-specific genes, including ${alpha}$ -SMA, through a G_i/o-ERK-dependent pathway. SPC-induced activation of ERK stimulates the expression and secretion of TGF-ß isoforms, which elicit late activation of Smad2 through TGF-ß type I receptor kinase. Activated Smad2 cooperates with SRF and myocardin to induce expression of smooth-muscle-specific genes.