Fig. 1. Podosome formation in HUVECs and PAE cells. (A) V12Cdc42 induced podosomes in HUVECs. HUVECs were transfected with GFP-V12Cdc42 or GFP-V14RhoA. After 24 hours, F-actin was labelled with Alexa-Fluor-633-phalloidin (red) and vinculin with anti-vinculin and secondary Alexa Fluor 568 antibodies (green). For better visualisation, the colours of the images were modified in Photoshop. Only cells expressing the GFP-tagged constructs are shown. Bar, 10 µm. (B) v-Src expression induces podosomes in HUVECs and PAE cells. HUVECs and PAE cells were transfected with v-Src-encoding plasmid. On the next day, cells were fixed and stained for actin (red) and vinculin (green). Bar, 10 µm. (C) PMA induced actin remodelling in endothelial cells. HUVECs and PAE cells were treated with PMA for either 1 or 3 hours, fixed and stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to visualise F-actin. Arrows indicate individual podosomes and rosettes. Bars, 10 µm.