JCS -- Lin et al. 120 (16): 2935 Figure IG1

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Fig. 1. Ceramide activates GSK-3 $beta$ . 10I cells were treated with 25 µM of C₂-ceramide for 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours with or without 10 mM LiCl. We used western blotting to determine GSK-3 $beta$ phosphorylation (P-GSK-3 $beta$ ) at serine 9 and glycogen synthase phosphorylation (P-GS) at serine 641. Total GSK-3 $beta$ and GS proteins were the control. The relative ratio of P-GSK-3 $beta$ :total GSK-3 $beta$ and of hyperphosphorylated GS (hyper P-GS):total GS are shown. $beta$ -actin levels were determined as an internal control.