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Figure 1


Fig. 1. Pathology of Alzheimer disease. (A) The two hallmark features of Alzheimer disease, beta-amyloid plaques (arrowheads) and neurofibrillary tangles (arrows) in AD brain are revealed by the Bielschowsky silver stain. (B) Antibodies against paired-helical-filament (PHF) tau (arrows) and beta-amyloid (arrowheads) label PHF-containing neurites associated with amyloid deposits. (C,D) Cathepsin D antibodies decorate lysosomes in cell bodies of (C, arrow) pyramidal neurons and in dystrophic neurites associated with plaques (C, arrowheads; and D). (E) Dystrophic neurites (arrows) are grossly enlarged compared with neurites in normal brain (inset) by electron microscopy. Abnormal swollen neurites contain predominantly AVs of varying morphologies. By contrast, AVs are rare in normal brain (inset). Bar, 500 nm. Panel E reprinted by permission (Nixon et al., 2005).