Fig. 4. Inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase prevents the effects of ADMA on the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions, and restores cell speed and translocation to control values. Adenoviral gene transfer was used to induce expression of GFP (A-C), inhibitory mutant of RhoA, N19RhoA (D-F), activated Rac1, V12Rac1 (J-L) GFP-tagged activated Cdc42, L61Cdc42 was introduced by transfection (M-O). The cells in G-I were treated with the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 (10 µM) for 2 hours. The cells were stained for F-actin (left column), vinculin (middle column) and Myc (right column) to identify overexpressing cells. Bar, 15 µm. (P) Cell speed in ADMA-treated PAECs. (Q) The effect of mutant Rho GTPases on cell translocation. Cell cytoskeleton and motility were studied 24 hours after adenoviral infection. ^**P<0.01 (comparison with untreated controls); ^&&P<0.01 and ^&P<0.05 (comparison with ADMA-treated cells).