Fig. 7. Expression levels of integrins are upregulated in Dpr2^–/– keratinocytes. (A-D) Dpr2^–/– and wild-type (WT) keratinocytes were treated with TGFβ1 for the indicated time. Real-time RT-PCR was carried out using RNA isolated from each type of cells. Integrin (Itg) β6 (A), β1 (B), v (C) and 5 (D) gene expression was quantified and normalized to HPRT, and relative values expressed as mean ± s.d. of at least four independent experiments. (E) Adhesion of Dpr2^–/– keratinocytes was stronger than that of wild-type keratinocytes. Wild-type and Dpr2^–/– keratinocytes were treated with TGFβ1 (5 ng/ml) for 48 hours, and the harvested cells were regrown in wells coated with fibronectin (50 µg/ml). The optical density at 550 nm of retained cells stained with Crystal Violet is shown. Data are means ± s.d. of three independent experiments; ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01.