Fig. 2. The elevation of intracellular Ca²⁺ enhances glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission. (A) Elevation of cytoplasmic [Ca²⁺] by infusing adenophostin-A into the neurons increases the amplitude of glutamatergic EPSCs () by 145% compared with that in the control (). Inset shows enhanced EPSC waveforms. (B) The intracellular infusions of adenophostin-A raise the amplitude of GABAergic IPSCs () by 85% compared with controls (). Inset shows IPSC waveforms. Glutamatergic EPSCs were isolated by using 10 µM bicuculline, whereas GABAergic IPSCs were isolated by adding 10 µM CNQX and 40 µM DAP-5.