JCS -- Planchon et al. 121 (3): 249 Figure IG1

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Fig. 1. `Classic' PTEN pathway. Binding of ligand to membrane receptors activates PI3K. Activated PI3K phosphorylates PI(3,4)P (PIP₂) to produce PI(3,4,5)P (PIP₃). PIP₃ recruits PDK1 to the plasma membrane. PDK1 phosphorylates and activates AKT, which regulates various cellular processes. The lipid phosphatase activity of cytoplasmic PTEN dephosphorylates PIP₃, thereby decreasing PIP₃ levels and increasing levels of PIP₂, resulting in a concomitant decrease in AKT activity.