JCS -- Koh et al. 121 (7): 989 Figure IG14

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Fig. 14. Schematic diagram illustrating Cdc42/Rac1- and PKC-mediated EC lumen and tube formation signaling pathways in 3D collagen matrices. There is an activation of Cdc42 and Rac1 in response to an interaction between collagen matrices and ${alpha}$ 2β1 integrins, which leads to the recruitment of the Par3-Par6b-PKC ${zeta}$ polarity complex that regulates EC lumen and tube formation. Cdc42 and Rac1 also promote the phosphorylation of Pak2 and Pak4, which serve as downstream targets of PKC ${epsilon}$ in response to TPA to stimulate EC lumen and tube formation in 3D collagen matrices.