Fig. 1. Actin-cytoskeleton disruption by actin toxins is reversible: formation of different F-actin aggregates and/or inclusion bodies. (A-D) Vero cells (A) were incubated with LtB (500 nM for 45 minutes; B), MyB (100 nM for 60 minutes; C) or Jpk (500 nM for 45 minutes; D). (E-J) To examine the reversibility, actin toxins were washed out from the culture medium and cells were left to recover for different durations (–LtB, E,F; –MyB, G,H; –Jpk, I,J). Cells were stained with TRITC-phalloidin for F-actin (A-J, red), with DAPI for nuclei (G-J, blue) or with anti--tubulin antibodies for the centrosome (inset in I, green). (E,G) Arrowheads indicate juxtanuclear accumulations of F-actin punctae. Scale bar: 10 µm.