Journal of Cell Science, Vol 106, Issue 1 11-22, Copyright © 1993 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Organization of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase DAI and virus-associated VA RNAI in adenovirus-2-infected HeLa cells

LF Jimenez-Garcia, SR Green, MB Mathews and DL Spector
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724.

We have examined the cellular distribution of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase DAI in adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-infected and uninfected HeLa cells. In uninfected cells DAI was found to be concentrated in the cytoplasm. In addition, DAI was localized in the nucleoli and diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Cells treated with alpha-interferon displayed a similar pattern of distribution for DAI. When RNA polymerase I activity was inhibited by the drug actinomycin D, nucleoli segregated and DAI was found to colocalize with the dense fibrillar region of the nucleoli. During mitosis, the distribution of DAI paralleled that of rRNA. In adenovirus-infected cells the localization of DAI was similar to that in uninfected interphase cells. VA RNAI was detected in Ad2-infected cells by 10-14 hours post-infection as fine dots in the nucleoplasm. By 18-24 hours post-infection, VA RNAI appeared in bigger and more abundant dots in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm was intensively labeled. Transient expression of the VA RNAI gene in uninfected cells resulted in a similar localization of the RNA. Our results are consistent with a role for DAI and VA RNAI in protein synthesis and suggest that DAI may play an early role in ribosome biogenesis in the nucleolus in addition to its cytoplasmic role in translation.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. S. Gondi, S. S. Lakka, D. H. Dinh, W. C. Olivero, M. Gujrati, and J. S. Rao Intraperitoneal Injection of a Hairpin RNA Expressing Plasmid Targeting Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Receptor and uPA Retards Angiogenesis and Inhibits Intracranial Tumor Growth in Nude Mice Clin. Cancer Res., July 15, 2007; 13(14): 4051 - 4060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-Q. Han, H. L. Townsend, B. K. Jha, J. M. Paranjape, R. H. Silverman, and D. J. Barton A Phylogenetically Conserved RNA Structure in the Poliovirus Open Reading Frame Inhibits the Antiviral Endoribonuclease RNase L J. Virol., June 1, 2007; 81(11): 5561 - 5572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Hakki, E. E. Marshall, K. L. De Niro, and A. P. Geballe Binding and Nuclear Relocalization of Protein Kinase R by Human Cytomegalovirus TRS1 J. Virol., December 1, 2006; 80(23): 11817 - 11826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Aparicio, N. Razquin, M. Zaratiegui, I. Narvaiza, and P. Fortes Adenovirus Virus-Associated RNA Is Processed to Functional Interfering RNAs Involved in Virus Production J. Virol., February 1, 2006; 80(3): 1376 - 1384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q. Wang and G. G. Carmichael Effects of Length and Location on the Cellular Response to Double-Stranded RNA Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 2004; 68(3): 432 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Pavio, P. R. Romano, T. M. Graczyk, S. M. Feinstone, and D. R. Taylor Protein Synthesis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Can Be Modulated by the Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Protein E2 through the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2{alpha} Kinase PERK J. Virol., March 15, 2003; 77(6): 3578 - 3585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Khoo, C. Perez, and I. Mohr Characterization of RNA Determinants Recognized by the Arginine- and Proline-Rich Region of Us11, a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Encoded Double-Stranded RNA Binding Protein That Prevents PKR Activation J. Virol., October 25, 2002; 76(23): 11971 - 11981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. E. Samuel Antiviral Actions of Interferons Clin. Microbiol. Rev., October 1, 2001; 14(4): 778 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. K. Ruf, P. W. Rhyne, C. Yang, J. L. Cleveland, and J. T. Sample Epstein-Barr Virus Small RNAs Potentiate Tumorigenicity of Burkitt Lymphoma Cells Independently of an Effect on Apoptosis J. Virol., November 1, 2000; 74(21): 10223 - 10228. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. Pederson and J. C. Politz The Nucleolus and the Four Ribonucleoproteins of Translation J. Cell Biol., March 20, 2000; 148(6): 1091 - 1096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. R. Taylor, S. T. Shi, P. R. Romano, G. N. Barber, and M. M. Lai Inhibition of the Interferon- Inducible Protein Kinase PKR by HCV E2 Protein Science, July 2, 1999; 285(5424): 107 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. J. Kaufman Stress signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum: coordination of gene transcriptional and translational controls Genes & Dev., May 15, 1999; 13(10): 1211 - 1233. [Full Text]

				J.-L. Liu, Y. Ye, Z. Qian, Y. Qian, D. J. Templeton, L. F. Lee, and H.-J. Kung Functional Interactions between Herpesvirus Oncoprotein MEQ and Cell Cycle Regulator CDK2 J. Virol., May 1, 1999; 73(5): 4208 - 4219. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				K. U. Kumar, S. P. Srivastava, and R. J. Kaufman Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase (PKR) Is Negatively Regulated by 60S Ribosomal Subunit Protein L18 Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 1999; 19(2): 1116 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kumar and G. G. Carmichael Antisense RNA: Function and Fate of Duplex RNA in Cells of Higher Eukaryotes Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 1998; 62(4): 1415 - 1434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-L. Tan, M. J. Gale Jr., and M. G. Katze Double-Stranded RNA-Independent Dimerization of Interferon-Induced Protein Kinase PKR and Inhibition of Dimerization by the Cellular P58IPK Inhibitor Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 1998; 18(5): 2431 - 2443. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				B. Tian and M. B. Mathews Functional Characterization of and Cooperation between the Double-stranded RNA-binding Motifs of the Protein Kinase PKR J. Biol. Chem., March 23, 2001; 276(13): 9936 - 9944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Li and A. E. Koromilas Dominant Negative Function by an Alternatively Spliced Form of the Interferon-inducible Protein Kinase PKR J. Biol. Chem., April 20, 2001; 276(17): 13881 - 13890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. R. Saunders, D. J. Perkins, S. Balachandran, R. Michaels, R. Ford, A. Mayeda, and G. N. Barber Characterization of Two Evolutionarily Conserved, Alternatively Spliced Nuclear Phosphoproteins, NFAR-1 and -2, That Function in mRNA Processing and Interact with the Double-stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase, PKR J. Biol. Chem., August 17, 2001; 276(34): 32300 - 32312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Parker, I. Fierro-Monti, and M. B. Mathews Nuclear Factor 90 Is a Substrate and Regulator of the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Kinase Double-stranded RNA-activated Protein Kinase J. Biol. Chem., August 24, 2001; 276(35): 32522 - 32530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]