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Journal of Cell Science, Vol 107, Issue 10 2951-2960, Copyright © 1994 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
CJ Temm-Grove, BM Jockusch, M Rohde, K Niebuhr, T Chakraborty and J Wehland
Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany.
Effective cell-to-cell spreading of the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes requires the interaction between bacteria and the microfilament system of the host cell. By recruiting actin filaments into a 'comet tail' localized at one pole of the bacterial cell wall, Listeria become mobile and propel themselves through the cytoplasm. They create protrusions at the plasma membrane that can invaginate adjacent cells. In this work, we have analysed the structural composition of Listeria-recruited microfilaments in various epithelial cell lines by immunofluorescence microscopy. The microfilament-crosslinking proteins alpha-actinin, fimbrin and villin were localized around bacteria as soon as actin filaments could be detected on the bacterial surface. Surprisingly, the same was found for ezrin/radixin, proteins involved in linking microfilaments to the plasma membrane. We found that in a polarized cell line derived from brush border kidney epithelium (LLC-PK1), the actin filaments surrounding intracytoplasmic motile bacteria show the same immunoreactivity as the brush border-like microvilli, when analysed by a specific actin antibody. The successful invasion of polarized LLC-PK1 islets is vectorial, i.e. it progresses predominantly from the periphery of the islets towards the centre. Infection of the peripheral cells is sufficient for infiltration of the entire cellular islets, without any further contact with the extracellular milieu. This is in contrast to nonpolarized epithelial sheets, which can be invaded from the apical surface of any individual cell. The importance of active bacterial motility in this vectorial spreading is emphasized by our finding that an isogenic Listeria mutant that is unable to recruit actin filaments cannot colonize polarized epithelial layers but accumulates in the peripheral cells of the islets.
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  J. A. Vazquez-Boland, M. Kuhn, P. Berche, T. Chakraborty, G. Dominguez-Bernal, W. Goebel, B. Gonzalez-Zorn, J. Wehland, and J. Kreft Listeria Pathogenesis and Molecular Virulence Determinants Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2001; 14(3): 584 - 640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. S. Van Kirk, S. F. Hayes, and R. A. Heinzen Ultrastructure of Rickettsia rickettsii Actin Tails and Localization of Cytoskeletal Proteins Infect. Immun., August 1, 2000; 68(8): 4706 - 4713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. R. Robbins, A. I. Barth, H. Marquis, E. L. de Hostos, W. J. Nelson, and J. A. Theriot Listeria monocytogenes Exploits Normal Host Cell Processes to Spread from Cell to Cell J. Cell Biol., September 20, 1999; 146(6): 1333 - 1350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E Gouin, H Gantelet, C Egile, I Lasa, H Ohayon, V Villiers, P Gounon, P. Sansonetti, and P Cossart A comparative study of the actin-based motilities of the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri and Rickettsia conorii J. Cell Sci., January 6, 1999; 112(11): 1697 - 1708. [Abstract] [PDF]
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