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Journal of Cell Science, Vol 108, Issue 6 2369-2379, Copyright © 1995 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Increased microvascular permeability and endothelial fenestration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor

WG Roberts and GE Palade
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0651, USA.

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally described as vascular permeability factor due to its ability to increase microvascular permeability to plasma proteins. However, the vessel types (arteriolar, venular, and capillary) affected by VEGF and the modification of endothelial morphology in response to increased permeability induced by VEGF in vivo have not been precisely documented. By topical application or intradermal injection of recombinant human VEGF-165 we find that VEGF increases the permeability of postcapillary venules as well as muscular venules and capillaries. Surprisingly, we also find that endothelia of small venules and capillaries become fenestrated within 10 minutes of VEGF application. Fenestrations appeared in vascular beds which do not normally have fenestrated endothelium, namely the cremaster muscle and skin. Histamine, saline, and heat-inactivated VEGF do not cause fenestrations. Increased permeability is completely inhibited when VEGF is cleared by immunoprecipitation with anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies. The VEGF effect on permeability is unlike that of any other mediator described to date since both muscular venules and capillaries are affected.
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A. R. Burns, C. W. Smith, and D. C. Walker
Unique Structural Features That Influence Neutrophil Emigration Into the Lung
Physiol Rev, April 1, 2003; 83(2): 309 - 336.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
A. Eriksson, R. Cao, J. Roy, K. Tritsaris, C. Wahlestedt, S. Dissing, J. Thyberg, and Y. Cao
Small GTP-Binding Protein Rac Is an Essential Mediator of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Endothelial Fenestrations and Vascular Permeability
Circulation, March 25, 2003; 107(11): 1532 - 1538.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
J. M. Hastings, D. R. Licence, G. J. Burton, D. S. Charnock-Jones, and S. K. Smith
Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 Inhibits Edema and Epithelial Proliferation Induced by 17{beta}-Estradiol in the Mouse Uterus
Endocrinology, January 1, 2003; 144(1): 326 - 334.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Biol. Reprod.Home page
L. C. Rockwell, S. Pillai, C. E. Olson, and R. D. Koos
Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Vascular Permeability Factor Action Blocks Estrogen-Induced Uterine Edema and Implantation in Rodents
Biol Reprod, December 1, 2002; 67(6): 1804 - 1810.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Pedram, M. Razandi, and E. R. Levin
Deciphering Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor/Vascular Permeability Factor Signaling to Vascular Permeability. INHIBITION BY ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
J. Biol. Chem., November 8, 2002; 277(46): 44385 - 44398.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BrainHome page
H. J. Schoch, S. Fischer, and H. H. Marti
Hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression causes vascular leakage in the brain
Brain, November 1, 2002; 125(11): 2549 - 2557.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JCOHome page
H. F. Dvorak
Vascular Permeability Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Critical Cytokine in Tumor Angiogenesis and a Potential Target for Diagnosis and Therapy
J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2002; 20(21): 4368 - 4380.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
J. Sorensson, W. Fierlbeck, T. Heider, K. Schwarz, D. S. Park, P. Mundel, M. Lisanti, and B. J. Ballermann
Glomerular Endothelial Fenestrae In Vivo Are Not Formed from Caveolae
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2002; 13(11): 2639 - 2647.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
U. Renner, P. Lohrer, L. Schaaf, M. Feirer, K. Schmitt, C. Onofri, E. Arzt, and G. K. Stalla
Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Stimulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production by Folliculostellate Pituitary Cells
Endocrinology, October 1, 2002; 143(10): 3759 - 3765.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cancer Res.Home page
D. O. Bates, T.-G. Cui, J. M. Doughty, M. Winkler, M. Sugiono, J. D. Shields, D. Peat, D. Gillatt, and S. J. Harper
VEGF165b, an Inhibitory Splice Variant of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Is Down-Regulated in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cancer Res., July 15, 2002; 62(14): 4123 - 4131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
M. S. Goligorsky, H. Li, S. Brodsky, and J. Chen
Relationships between caveolae and eNOS: everything in proximity and the proximity of everything
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): F1 - F10.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
R. Beliveau, D. Gingras, E. A. Kruger, S. Lamy, P. Sirois, B. Simard, M. G. Sirois, L. Tranqui, F. Baffert, E. Beaulieu, et al.
The Antiangiogenic Agent Neovastat (Ae-941) Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-mediated Biological Effects
Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2002; 8(4): 1242 - 1250.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
P. M. Becker, A. D. Verin, M. A. Booth, F. Liu, A. Birukova, and J. G. N. Garcia
Differential regulation of diverse physiological responses to VEGF in pulmonary endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): L1500 - L1511.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
D. R. THICKETT, L. ARMSTRONG, S. J. CHRISTIE, and A. B. MILLAR
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor May Contribute to Increased Vascular Permeability in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2001; 164(9): 1601 - 1605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Biol. Reprod.Home page
D. A. Redmer, V. Doraiswamy, B. J. Bortnem, K. Fisher, A. Jablonka-Shariff, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, and L. P. Reynolds
Evidence for a Role of Capillary Pericytes in Vascular Growth of the Developing Ovine Corpus Luteum
Biol Reprod, September 1, 2001; 65(3): 879 - 889.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 IOVSHome page
M. Nakajima, M. J. Cooney, A. H. Tu, K. Y. Chang, J. Cao, A. Ando, G.-J. An, M. Melia, and E. de Juan Jr
Normalization of Retinal Vascular Permeability in Experimental Diabetes with Genistein
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2001; 42(9): 2110 - 2114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
K. A. Mohammed, N. Nasreen, J. Hardwick, C. S. Logie, C. E. Patterson, and V. B. Antony
Bacterial induction of pleural mesothelial monolayer barrier dysfunction
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2001; 281(1): L119 - L125.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
N. Ferrara
Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in regulation of physiological angiogenesis
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): C1358 - C1366.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
A. M. Dvorak and D. Feng
The Vesiculo-Vacuolar Organelle (VVO): A New Endothelial Cell Permeability Organelle
J. Histochem. Cytochem., April 1, 2001; 49(4): 419 - 432.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Cancer Res.Home page
Y.-Q. Li, J. R. Ballinger, R. A. Nordal, Z.-F. Su, and C. S. Wong
Hypoxia in Radiation-induced Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown
Cancer Res., April 1, 2001; 61(8): 3348 - 3354.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
C. Schwesinger, C. Yee, R. M. Rohan, A. M. Joussen, A. Fernandez, T. N. Meyer, V. Poulaki, J. J. K. Ma, T. M. Redmond, S. Liu, et al.
Intrachoroidal Neovascularization in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2001; 158(3): 1161 - 1172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
I. Zachary and G. Gliki
Signaling transduction mechanisms mediating biological actions of the vascular endothelial growth factor family
Cardiovasc Res, February 16, 2001; 49(3): 568 - 581.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
K. C. Meyer, A. L. Cardoni, Z. Xiang, R. D. Cornwell, and R. B. Love
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Lung Transplantation
Chest, January 1, 2001; 119(1): 137 - 143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
S. Yano, H. Shinohara, R. S. Herbst, H. Kuniyasu, C. D. Bucana, L. M. Ellis, and I. J. Fidler
Production of Experimental Malignant Pleural Effusions Is Dependent on Invasion of the Pleura and Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Vascular Permeability Factor by Human Lung Cancer Cells
Am. J. Pathol., December 1, 2000; 157(6): 1893 - 1903.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
P. Bausero, M.-H. Ben-Mahdi, J.-P. Mazucatelli, C. Bloy, and M. Perrot-Applanat
Vascular endothelial growth factor is modulated in vascular muscle cells by estradiol, tamoxifen, and hypoxia
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): H2033 - H2042.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
S. Fischer, M. Wobben, J. Kleinstuck, D. Renz, and W. Schaper
Effect of astroglial cells on hypoxia-induced permeability in PBMEC cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): C935 - C944.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Infect. Immun.Home page
M. van der Flier, F. Coenjaerts, J. L. L. Kimpen, A. M. Hoepelman, and S. P. M. Geelen
Streptococcus pneumoniae Induces Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Human Neutrophils
Infect. Immun., August 1, 2000; 68(8): 4792 - 4794.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
B. Robert, X. Zhao, and D. R. Abrahamson
Coexpression of neuropilin-1, Flk1, and VEGF164 in developing and mature mouse kidney glomeruli
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): F275 - F282.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
J. Maloney, D. Wang, T. Duncan, N. Voelkel, and S. Ruoss
Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Acute Mountain Sickness
Chest, July 1, 2000; 118(1): 47 - 52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
I. Baumgartner, G. Rauh, A. Pieczek, D. Wuensch, M. Magner, M. Kearney, R. Schainfeld, and J. M. Isner
Lower-Extremity Edema Associated with Gene Transfer of Naked DNA Encoding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Ann Intern Med, June 6, 2000; 132(11): 880 - 884.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
R. J. Kaner, J. V. Ladetto, R. Singh, N. Fukuda, M. A. Matthay, and R. G. Crystal
Lung Overexpression of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Induces Pulmonary Edema
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 2000; 22(6): 657 - 664.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
K. Miyamoto, S. Khosrof, S.-E. Bursell, Y. Moromizato, L. P. Aiello, Y. Ogura, and A. P. Adamis
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-Induced Retinal Vascular Permeability Is Mediated by Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2000; 156(5): 1733 - 1739.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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