Journal of Cell Science, Vol 111, Issue 1 99-109, Copyright © 1998 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

T cell syncytia induced by HIV release. T cell chemoattractants: demonstration with a newly developed single cell chemotaxis chamber

DC Shutt, LM Jenkins, EJ Carolan, J Stapleton, KJ Daniels, RC Kennedy and DR Soll
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.

A chemotaxis chamber has been developed to analyze both the velocity and the directionality of individual T cells in gradients of high molecular mass molecules over long periods of time. Employing this chamber, it is demonstrated that syncytia induced by HIV in SUP-T1 cell cultures release two T cell chemoattractants with approximate molecular masses of 30 and 120 kDa. Neither uninfected single cells nor polyethylene glycol-induced syncytia release detectable chemoattractant, suggesting that these chemoattractants are linked to HIV infection. Soluble gp120 functions as a T cell chemoattractant and the addition of anti-gp120 antibody to syncytium-conditioned medium blocks the high molecular mass chemoattractant activity but not the low molecular mass activity. The addition of anti-CD4 antibody to syncytium-conditioned medium also blocks the high molecular mass chemoattractant activity but not the low molecular mass activity. These results demonstrate that HIV-induced T cell syncytia release a low and a high molecular mass T cell chemoattractant, and suggest that the high molecular mass factor is gp120 and that it functions through the CD4 receptor.
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