|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | |||||
Journal of Cell Science, Vol 112, Issue 18 3091-3101, Copyright © 1999 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
KL Hill, NR Hutchings, DG Russell and JE Donelson
Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA. john-donelson@uiowa.edu
The flagellar pocket of African trypanosomes is a critical sorting station for protein and membrane trafficking, and is considered to be an Achilles' heel of this deadly pathogen. Although several proteins, including receptors for host-derived growth factors, are targeted specifically to the flagellar pocket, the signals responsible for this restricted subcellular localization are entirely unknown. Using T lymphocyte triggering factor-green fluorescent protein (TLTF(1)-GFP) fusion proteins, we demonstrate that an internal 144 amino acid domain of TLTF from Trypanosoma brucei is sufficient for directing GFP to the cytoplasmic side of the anterior flagellar pocket. Immuno-gold electron microscopy reveals that the TLTF-GFP fusion protein is located in an electron dense structure that immediately abuts the anterior flagellar pocket membrane. The amino acid sequence of the TLTF targeting domain does not resemble previously characterized protein trafficking signals, and random mutagenesis reveals that flagellar pocket targeting is conferred by a structural motif, rather than a short, contiguous array of amino acids. The aberrant sorting of two mutant proteins into the flagellum, and the targeting of a related human protein to the plus end of the trypanosome's cytoskeletal microtubules, lead us to suggest that flagellar pocket targeting involves interactions with the trypanosome cytoskeleton. The finding that TLTF-GFP is restricted to the anterior, cytoplasmic face of the flagellar pocket membrane, suggests that there is structural heterogeneity in the membrane of this organelle.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Li, Y. Sun, J. C. Hines, and D. S. Ray Identification of New Kinetoplast DNA Replication Proteins in Trypanosomatids Based on Predicted S-Phase Expression and Mitochondrial Targeting Eukaryot. Cell, December 1, 2007; 6(12): 2303 - 2310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Baron, Z. P. Kabututu, and K. L. Hill Stuck in reverse: loss of LC1 in Trypanosoma brucei disrupts outer dynein arms and leads to reverse flagellar beat and backward movement J. Cell Sci., May 1, 2007; 120(9): 1513 - 1520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Baron, K. S. Ralston, Z. P. Kabututu, and K. L. Hill Functional genomics in Trypanosoma brucei identifies evolutionarily conserved components of motile flagella J. Cell Sci., February 1, 2007; 120(3): 478 - 491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. N. Montagna, J. E. Donelson, and A. C. C. Frasch Procyclic Trypanosoma brucei Expresses Separate Sialidase and trans-Sialidase Enzymes on Its Surface Membrane J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2006; 281(45): 33949 - 33958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Ralston, A. G. Lerner, D. R. Diener, and K. L. Hill Flagellar Motility Contributes to Cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei and Is Modulated by an Evolutionarily Conserved Dynein Regulatory System. Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2006; 5(4): 696 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Downey, J. C. Hines, K. M. Sinha, and D. S. Ray Mitochondrial DNA Ligases of Trypanosoma brucei Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2005; 4(4): 765 - 774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Rupp and M. E. Porter A subunit of the dynein regulatory complex in Chlamydomonas is a homologue of a growth arrest-specific gene product J. Cell Biol., July 7, 2003; 162(1): 47 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Pan and W. J. Snell Kinesin II and regulated intraflagellar transport of Chlamydomonas aurora protein kinase J. Cell Sci., June 1, 2003; 116(11): 2179 - 2186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. M. Zeiner, N. R. Sturm, and D. A. Campbell Exportin 1 Mediates Nuclear Export of the Kinetoplastid Spliced Leader RNA Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2003; 2(2): 222 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. P. Price, M. R. Menon, C. Panethymitaki, D. Goulding, P. G. McKean, and D. F. Smith Myristoyl-CoA:Protein N-Myristoyltransferase, an Essential Enzyme and Potential Drug Target in Kinetoplastid Parasites J. Biol. Chem., February 21, 2003; 278(9): 7206 - 7214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. LaCount, B. Barrett, and J. E. Donelson Trypanosoma brucei FLA1 Is Required for Flagellum Attachment and Cytokinesis J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17580 - 17588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. R. Hutchings, J. E. Donelson, and K. L. Hill Trypanin is a cytoskeletal linker protein and is required for cell motility in African trypanosomes J. Cell Biol., March 4, 2002; 156(5): 867 - 877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. McConville, K. A. Mullin, S. C. Ilgoutz, and R. D. Teasdale Secretory Pathway of Trypanosomatid Parasites Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2002; 66(1): 122 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-D. Yeh, Y.-J. Chen, A. C. Y. Chang, R. Ray, B.-R. She, W.-S. Lee, H.-S. Chiang, S. N. Cohen, and S. Lin-Chao Isolation and Properties of Gas8, a Growth Arrest-specific Gene Regulated during Male Gametogenesis to Produce a Protein Associated with the Sperm Motility Apparatus J. Biol. Chem., February 15, 2002; 277(8): 6311 - 6317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. E. H. Bingle, J. L. Eastlake, M. Bailey, and W. C. Gibson A novel GFP approach for the analysis of genetic exchange in trypanosomes allowing the in situ detection of mating events Microbiology, December 1, 2001; 147(12): 3231 - 3240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Yang, D. G. Russell, B. Zheng, M. Eiki, and M. G.-S. Lee Sequence Requirements for Trafficking of the CRAM Transmembrane Protein to the Flagellar Pocket of African Trypanosomes Mol. Cell. Biol., July 15, 2000; 20(14): 5149 - 5163. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Pan and W. J. Snell Regulated Targeting of a Protein Kinase into an Intact Flagellum. AN AURORA/Ipl1p-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE TRANSLOCATES FROM THE CELL BODY INTO THE FLAGELLA DURING GAMETE ACTIVATION IN CHLAMYDOMONAS J. Biol. Chem., July 28, 2000; 275(31): 24106 - 24114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Hill, N. R. Hutchings, P. M. Grandgenett, and J. E. Donelson T Lymphocyte-triggering Factor of African Trypanosomes Is Associated with the Flagellar Fraction of the Cytoskeleton and Represents a New Family of Proteins That Are Present in Several Divergent Eukaryotes J. Biol. Chem., December 8, 2000; 275(50): 39369 - 39378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. R. Hutchings, J. E. Donelson, and K. L. Hill Trypanin is a cytoskeletal linker protein and is required for cell motility in African trypanosomes J. Cell Biol., March 4, 2002; 156(5): 867 - 877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
