Journal of Cell Science, Vol 113, Issue 4 571-585, Copyright © 2000 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Polarization of cell growth in yeast

D Pruyne and A Bretscher
Department of Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. apb5@cornell.edu

The actin cytoskeleton provides the structural basis for cell polarity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as most other eukaryotes. In Part I of this two-part commentary, presented in the previous issue of Journal of Cell Science, we discussed the basis by which yeast establishes and maintains different states of polarity through &Rgr; GTPases and cyclin-dependent protein kinase signaling. Here we discuss how, in response to those signals, the actin cytoskeleton guides growth of the yeast cell. A polarized array of actin cables at the cell cortex is the primary structural determinant of polarity. Motors such as class V myosins use this array to transport secretory vesicles, mRNA and organelles towards growth sites, where they are anchored by a cap of cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins. Cortical actin patches enhance and maintain this polarity, probably through endocytic recycling, which allows reuse of materials and prevents continued growth at old sites. The dynamic arrangement of targeting and recycling provides flexibility for the precise control of morphogenesis.
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				T. Yuzyuk and D. C. Amberg Actin Recovery and Bud Emergence in Osmotically Stressed Cells Requires the Conserved Actin Interacting Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Ssk2p/MTK1 and the Scaffold Protein Spa2p Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2003; 14(7): 3013 - 3026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kopecka, M. Gabriel, K. Takeo, M. Yamaguchi, A. Svoboda, and K. Hata Analysis of microtubules and F-actin structures in hyphae and conidia development of the opportunistic human pathogenic black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans Microbiology, April 1, 2003; 149(4): 865 - 876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bretscher Polarized growth and organelle segregation in yeast: the tracks, motors, and receptors J. Cell Biol., March 17, 2003; 160(6): 811 - 816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Page, M. Gerard-Vincent, P. Menard, M. Beaulieu, M. Azuma, G. J. P. Dijkgraaf, H. Li, J. Marcoux, T. Nguyen, T. Dowse, et al. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome-Wide Mutant Screen for Altered Sensitivity to K1 Killer Toxin Genetics, March 1, 2003; 163(3): 875 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Wedlich-Soldner, S. Altschuler, L. Wu, and R. Li Spontaneous Cell Polarization Through Actomyosin-Based Delivery of the Cdc42 GTPase Science, February 21, 2003; 299(5610): 1231 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Misu, K. Fujimura-Kamada, T. Ueda, A. Nakano, H. Katoh, and K. Tanaka Cdc50p, a Conserved Endosomal Membrane Protein, Controls Polarized Growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2003; 14(2): 730 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. McAllister, M. Becker-Hapak, G. Pintucci, M. Pagano, and S. F. Dowdy Novel p27kip1 C-Terminal Scatter Domain Mediates Rac-Dependent Cell Migration Independent of Cell Cycle Arrest Functions Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2003; 23(1): 216 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. J. Staiger and V. E. Franklin-Tong The actin cytoskeleton is a target of the self-incompatibility response in Papaver rhoeas J. Exp. Bot., January 1, 2003; 54(380): 103 - 113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Humphries, H. I. Balcer, J. L. D'Agostino, B. Winsor, D. G. Drubin, G. Barnes, B. J. Andrews, and B. L. Goode Direct regulation of Arp2/3 complex activity and function by the actin binding protein coronin J. Cell Biol., December 23, 2002; 159(6): 993 - 1004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. T. O'Keefe Mutations in U5 snRNA loop 1 influence the splicing of different genes in vivo Nucleic Acids Res., December 15, 2002; 30(24): 5476 - 5484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Cullen and G. F. Sprague Jr. The Glc7p-Interacting Protein Bud14p Attenuates Polarized Growth, Pheromone Response, and Filamentous Growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eukaryot. Cell, December 1, 2002; 1(6): 884 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]