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RESEARCH ARTICLE |
1 Institute of Signaling, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, CNRS UMR-6543, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France
2 Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Ares-Serono International SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
*Author for correspondence (e-mail: volmat{at}unice.fr)
Accepted June 25, 2001
We previously reported that nuclear translocation is essential for p42/p44 MAPKs (ERKs) mitogenic signaling. Here we show that, during long-term stimulation, p42/p44 MAPKs become inactive while they accumulate in the nucleus. This inactivation was monitored by phospho-specific immunostaining and dephosphorylation of a nuclear p42/p44 MAPKs substrate, HIF-1
. The phosphatases responsible for p42/p44 MAPKs nuclear inactivation are neo-synthesized, show tyrosine or dual specificity, and interact with p42/p44 MAPKs via a specific docking site. Likely candidates are MKP1/2 phosphatases. In addition, p42/p44 MAPKs permanently shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in quiescent as well as in serum stimulated cells. Hence, the nucleus is a critical site for mitogenic signal termination by: (1) nuclear sequestration of p42/p44 MAPKs away from MEK, their cytoplasmic activator; and (2) dephosphorylation by specific nuclear phosphatases.
Key words: Growth factors, Signal transduction, Protein kinases, Protein phosphatases, Cell nucleus
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