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Journal of Cell Science 114, 3591-3598 (2001)
© 2001 The Company of Biologists Limited

COMMENTARY

Functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the biological response to DNA damage

Ashok R. Venkitaraman

University of Cambridge, CRC Department of Oncology and The Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK

(e-mail: arv22{at}cam.ac.uk)

Inheritance of one defective copy of either of the two breast-cancer-susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, predisposes individuals to breast, ovarian and other cancers. Both genes encode very large protein products; these bear little resemblance to one another or to other known proteins, and their precise biological functions remain uncertain. Recent studies reveal that the BRCA proteins are required for maintenance of chromosomal stability in mammalian cells and function in the biological response to DNA damage. The new work suggests that, although the phenotypic consequences of their disruption are similar, BRCA1 and BRCA2 play distinct roles in the mechanisms that lead to the repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

Key words: Cell cycle, Chromosomal stability, DNA double-strand break repair, Homologous recombination, Tumour suppression


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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2001