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Journal of Cell Science, Vol 114, Issue 9 1655-1664, Copyright © 2001 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Apoptotic cell death of cultured salamander photoreceptors induced by cccp: CsA-insensitive mitochondrial permeability transition

JH Yang, RL Gross, SF Basinger and SM Wu
Dept of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, NC205, Houston, TX 77030-2702, USA. jhyang@bcm.tmc.edu

Photoreceptor degeneration is mediated by apoptosis in several animal models, although the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. We present here an apoptotic model based on a primary cell culture of tiger salamander photoreceptors, in which treatment with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (cccp), a protonophore, induced apoptosis. Cells exposed to cccp showed condensed nuclei and displayed positive TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL). In addition, 10-100 microM cccp rapidly induced a reduction of Delta psi(m) and > or = 30 microM cccp induced a significant leakage of calcein from mitochondria to cytosol and nucleus, indicating a change in mitochondrial inner membrane permeability. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a transition pore blocker, did not prevent the cccp-induced MPT or the cccp-evoked apoptotic cell death, suggesting that cccp-induced apoptotic process was mediated by a CsA-insensitive pathway. This cell model provides an in vitro tool for studying mechanisms of photoreceptor apoptosis in isolated photoreceptors and may provide clues to the etiology of retinal degeneration.


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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2001