QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s):
Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Movies Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kaverina, I. Articles by Small, J. V. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kaverina, I. Articles by Small, J. V. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Tensile stress stimulates microtubule outgrowth in living cells

¹ Institute of Molecular Biology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-5020, Austria
² Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
³ Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, Dresden, D-01307, Germany

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: jvsmall{at}imb.oeaw.ac.at )

Accepted 21 March 2002

Cell motility is driven by the sum of asymmetric traction forces exerted on the substrate through adhesion foci that interface with the actin cytoskeleton. Establishment of this asymmetry involves microtubules, which exert a destabilising effect on adhesion foci via targeting events. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a mechano-sensing mechanism that signals microtubule polymerisation and guidance of the microtubules towards adhesion sites under increased stress. Stress was applied either by manipulating the body of cells moving on glass with a microneedle or by stretching a flexible substrate that cells were migrating on. We propose a model for this mechano-sensing phenomenon whereby microtubule polymerisation is stimulated and guided through the interaction of a microtubule tip complex with actin filaments under tension.

Key words: Microtubules, Actin cytoskeleton, Adhesion, Tension, Mechanosensor

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. M. Goldyn, B. A. Rioja, J. P. Spatz, C. Ballestrem, and R. Kemkemer Force-induced cell polarisation is linked to RhoA-driven microtubule-independent focal-adhesion sliding J. Cell Sci., October 15, 2009; 122(20): 3644 - 3651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. I. Dima and H. Joshi Probing the origin of tubulin rigidity with molecular simulations PNAS, October 14, 2008; 105(41): 15743 - 15748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Hirata, H. Tatsumi, and M. Sokabe Mechanical forces facilitate actin polymerization at focal adhesions in a zyxin-dependent manner J. Cell Sci., September 1, 2008; 121(17): 2795 - 2804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Wagh, E. Roan, K. E. Chapman, L. P. Desai, D. A. Rendon, E. C. Eckstein, and C. M. Waters Localized elasticity measured in epithelial cells migrating at a wound edge using atomic force microscopy Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): L54 - L60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Efimov, N. Schiefermeier, I. Grigoriev, M. C. Brown, C. E. Turner, J. V. Small, and I. Kaverina Paxillin-dependent stimulation of microtubule catastrophes at focal adhesion sites J. Cell Sci., January 15, 2008; 121(2): 196 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Schober, Y. A. Komarova, O. Y. Chaga, A. Akhmanova, and G. G. Borisy Microtubule-targeting-dependent reorganization of filopodia J. Cell Sci., April 1, 2007; 120(7): 1235 - 1244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Lawler, E. Foran, G. O'Sullivan, A. Long, and D. Kenny Mobility and invasiveness of metastatic esophageal cancer are potentiated by shear stress in a ROCK- and Ras-dependent manner Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): C668 - C677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Salaycik, C. J. Fagerstrom, K. Murthy, U. S. Tulu, and P. Wadsworth Quantification of microtubule nucleation, growth and dynamics in wound-edge cells J. Cell Sci., September 15, 2005; 118(18): 4113 - 4122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. M. Langevin, N. A. Bouffard, G. J. Badger, J. C. Iatridis, and A. K. Howe Dynamic fibroblast cytoskeletal response to subcutaneous tissue stretch ex vivo and in vivo Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, March 1, 2005; 288(3): C747 - C756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Finkelstein, W. Chang, P.-H. G. Chao, D. Gruber, A. Minden, C. T. Hung, and J. C. Bulinski Roles of microtubules, cell polarity and adhesion in electric-field-mediated motility of 3T3 fibroblasts J. Cell Sci., March 15, 2004; 117(8): 1533 - 1545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D'Addario, P. D. Arora, R. P. Ellen, and C. A. G. McCulloch Regulation of Tension-induced Mechanotranscriptional Signals by the Microtubule Network in Fibroblasts J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 2003; 278(52): 53090 - 53097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Kaverina, T. E. B. Stradal, and M. Gimona Podosome formation in cultured A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells requires Arp2/3-dependent de-novo actin polymerization at discrete microdomains J. Cell Sci., December 15, 2003; 116(24): 4915 - 4924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Krylyshkina, K. I. Anderson, I. Kaverina, I. Upmann, D. J. Manstein, J. V. Small, and D. K. Toomre Nanometer targeting of microtubules to focal adhesions J. Cell Biol., June 9, 2003; 161(5): 853 - 859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Ingber Tensegrity II. How structural networks influence cellular information processing networks J. Cell Sci., April 15, 2003; 116(8): 1397 - 1408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Ingber Tensegrity I. Cell structure and hierarchical systems biology J. Cell Sci., April 1, 2003; 116(7): 1157 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Kirchner, Z. Kam, G. Tzur, A. D. Bershadsky, and B. Geiger Live-cell monitoring of tyrosine phosphorylation in focal adhesions following microtubule disruption J. Cell Sci., March 15, 2003; 116(6): 975 - 986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. Putnam, J. J. Cunningham, B. B. L. Pillemer, and D. J. Mooney External mechanical strain regulates membrane targeting of Rho GTPases by controlling microtubule assembly Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, March 1, 2003; 284(3): C627 - C639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. A. Wells and N. LeBrasseur Stories of Cells: The American Society for Cell Biology San Francisco, CA December 14-18, 2002 J. Cell Biol., February 18, 2003; 160(4): 466 - 473. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Ingber Mechanosensation through integrins: Cells act locally but think globally PNAS, February 18, 2003; 100(4): 1472 - 1474. [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Mellman and A. Ridley Regulation and Functional Insights in Cellular Polarity Madrid, Spain June 3-5, 2002 J. Cell Biol., July 8, 2002; 158(1): 12 - 16. [Full Text] [PDF]