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Journal of Cell Science 115, 2283-2291 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

Research Article

Tensile stress stimulates microtubule outgrowth in living cells

Irina Kaverina1, Olga Krylyshkina1, Karen Beningo2, Kurt Anderson3, Yu-Li Wang2 and J. Victor Small1,*

1 Institute of Molecular Biology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-5020, Austria
2 Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
3 Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, Dresden, D-01307, Germany

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: jvsmall{at}imb.oeaw.ac.at )

Accepted 21 March 2002

Cell motility is driven by the sum of asymmetric traction forces exerted on the substrate through adhesion foci that interface with the actin cytoskeleton. Establishment of this asymmetry involves microtubules, which exert a destabilising effect on adhesion foci via targeting events. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a mechano-sensing mechanism that signals microtubule polymerisation and guidance of the microtubules towards adhesion sites under increased stress. Stress was applied either by manipulating the body of cells moving on glass with a microneedle or by stretching a flexible substrate that cells were migrating on. We propose a model for this mechano-sensing phenomenon whereby microtubule polymerisation is stimulated and guided through the interaction of a microtubule tip complex with actin filaments under tension.

Key words: Microtubules, Actin cytoskeleton, Adhesion, Tension, Mechanosensor




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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2002