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BiP is feed-back regulated by control of protein translation efficiency

Karsten Gülow, Detlef Bienert and Ingrid G. Haas^*,

Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Present address: Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
Present address: Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: haasi{at}immunbio.mpg.de )

Accepted 19 March 2002

The lumenal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein BiP, among its other functions, is believed to serve as an ER stress sensor, triggering the so-called `unfolded protein response' or UPR. For this role, BiP levels are critical. Indeed, here we show that BiP expression is tightly controlled at a post-transcriptional level. Thus, an artificial increase in cellular BiP mRNA does not lead to increased synthesis of BiP in unstressed cells, and, consequently, protein levels remain constant. Under ER stress conditions, however, this homeostatic restriction is alleviated, and independent of transcript levels, the translation efficiency of BiP transcripts is enhanced, allowing the cells to produce more protein. We additionally show that this regulation is independent of elements in the 5' and 3' UTR of BiP mRNA, which rather points to a novel type of translational feedback control. BiP is the first example of a lumenal protein whose expression is controlled at a translational level. The implications of these findings with respect to cellular stress are discussed.

Key words: Cellular stress, Endoplasmic reticulum, Polysome profile, Tunicamycin, Thapsigargin, UPR

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