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Research Article |
Department of Physiology, 615 Michael St, 605G Whitehead Building, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Author for correspondence (e-mail: wnichols{at}physio.emory.edu )
Accepted 1 April 2002
At low temperature, the short-chain fluorescent-labeled phospholipids, 1-myristoyl-2-[6-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) aminocaproyl]-phosphatidylcholine (M-C6-NBD-PC) and its phosphatidylethanolamine analog, M-C6-NBD-PE, are internalized by flip across the plasma membrane of S. cerevisiae and show similar enrichment in intracellular membranes including the mitochondria and nuclear envelope/ER. At higher temperatures (24-37°C), or if low temperature internalization is followed by warming, M-C6-NBD-PC, but not M-C6-NBD-PE, is trafficked to the lumen of the vacuole. Sorting of M-C6-NBD-PC to the vacuole is blocked by energy-depletion and by null mutations in the VPS4 and VPS28 genes required for vesicular traffic from the pre-vacuolar compartment (PVC) to the vacuole. This sorting is not blocked by a temperature-sensitive mutation in SEC12, which inhibits ER to Golgi transport, a null mutation in VPS8, which inhibits Golgi to PVC transport, or temperature-sensitive and null mutations in END4, which inhibit endocytosis from the plasma membrane. Monomethylation or dimethylation of the primary amine head-group of M-C6-NBD-PE is sufficient for sorting to the yeast vacuole in both wild-type yeast and in strains defective in the phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway. These data indicate that methylation of M-C6-NBD-PE produces the crucial structural component required to sort these phospholipid analogues to the vacuole via the PVC.
Key words: Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Vacuole, Fluorescence, Yeast
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