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Differential regulation of maternal and paternal chromosome condensation in mitotic zygotes

¹ Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
² Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: philippe.collas{at}basalmed.uio.no )

Accepted 18 April 2002

A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP95 is implicated in somatic mitotic chromosome condensation by recruiting the condensin complex. Here, we report a differential regulation of condensation of maternal and paternal chromosomes mediated by AKAP95 in mitotic mouse zygotes. AKAP95 is synthesized upon oocyte activation, targeted to the female pronucleus and specifically associates with maternal chromosomes at mitosis. AKAP95 mRNA is highly restricted to the vicinity of the meiotic spindle in metaphase II oocytes. In vivo displacement of endogenous AKAP95 in female pronuclei by microinjection of competitor peptides and rescue experiments show that AKPA95 is required for recruitment of the mCAP-D2 condensin subunit to, and condensation of, maternal chromosomes. In contrast, AKAP95 is dispensable for mCAP-D2 recruitment to, and condensation of, paternal chromosomes. Our results indicate that at first embryonic mitosis, paternal chromosomes target condensins and condense independently of AKAP95, whereas maternal chromosomes require AKAP95 for condensin recruitment and condensation. We propose a concept whereby condensation of chromosomes in gametes, zygotes and somatic cells involves related but distinct mechanisms.

Key words: AKAP95, Chromosome condensation, Condensin, Mitosis, Zygote

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Chromosome condensation: maternal and paternal differences

JCS 2002 115: 1405. [Full Text]  

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