|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | |||||
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.00074
Commentary |
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3 35121 Padova, Italy and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 23129 Padova, Italy
e-mail: lorenzo.pinna{at}unipd.it
CK2 is an extremely conserved pleiotropic protein kinase with a growing
list of more than 300 substrates, the majority of which are proteins
implicated in signal transduction, gene expression and other nuclear
functions. The CK2 phosphoacceptor sites are specified by multiple acidic
residues, with the one at position +3 relative to the target residue being of
crucial relevance. The CK2 holoenzyme is composed of two catalytic subunits
(
, '' or '), which
are essential for cell viability, and a dimer of two non-catalytic ß
subunits, whose precise function is still poorly understood. Although the
ß subunits deeply affect many properties of CK2, both the isolated
catalytic subunits and the holoenzyme are constitutively active, which is
probably responsible for the oncogenic potential of CK2. Given the structure
of the holoenzyme, the ß subunits could undergo reversible dissociation
under physiological conditions and play a role as anchoring elements and/or as
a docking platform for protein substrates and effectors. These unusual
features are likely to be instrumental in the involvement of CK2 in a number
of key biological functions, notably RNA synthesis, Wnt signaling,
ubiquitination and cell survival.
Key words: Protein kinase, Casein kinase 2, Protein phosphorylation, Signal transduction, Cell regulation, Neoplasia, Apoptosis
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
Related articles in JCS:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. L. Labiuk, L. A. Babiuk, and S. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk Major tegument protein VP8 of bovine herpesvirus 1 is phosphorylated by viral US3 and cellular CK2 protein kinases J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2009; 90(12): 2829 - 2839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Lu, R. S. Mani, F. Karimi-Busheri, M. Fanta, H. Wang, D. W. Litchfeld, and M. Weinfeld Independent mechanisms of stimulation of polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase by phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated XRCC1 Nucleic Acids Res., November 12, 2009; (2009) gkp1023v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Dennis and K. S. Browning Differential Phosphorylation of Plant Translation Initiation Factors by Arabidopsis thaliana CK2 Holoenzymes J. Biol. Chem., July 31, 2009; 284(31): 20602 - 20614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Dennis, M. D. Person, and K. S. Browning Phosphorylation of Plant Translation Initiation Factors by CK2 Enhances the in Vitro Interaction of Multifactor Complex Components J. Biol. Chem., July 31, 2009; 284(31): 20615 - 20628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Holland, R. Prudent, J.-B. Reiser, C. Cochet, and C. Doerig Functional Analysis of Protein Kinase CK2 of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Eukaryot. Cell, March 1, 2009; 8(3): 388 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Shimada, K. Dohke, M. Sadaie, K. Shinmyozu, J.-I. Nakayama, T. Urano, and Y. Murakami Phosphorylation of Swi6/HP1 regulates transcriptional gene silencing at heterochromatin Genes & Dev., January 1, 2009; 23(1): 18 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. W. Chan, V. W.S. Liu, G. S.W. Tsao, K.-M. Yao, T. Furukawa, K. K.L. Chan, and H. Y.S. Ngan Loss of MKP3 mediated by oxidative stress enhances tumorigenicity and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2008; 29(9): 1742 - 1750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. McDonnell, Md. J. Abedin, M. Melendez, T. N. Platikanova, J. R. Ecklund, K. Ahmed, and A. Kelekar Phosphorylation of Murine Caspase-9 by the Protein Kinase Casein Kinase 2 Regulates Its Cleavage by Caspase-8 J. Biol. Chem., July 18, 2008; 283(29): 20149 - 20158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Medina-Palazon, H. Gruffat, F. Mure, O. Filhol, V. Vingtdeux-Didier, H. Drobecq, C. Cochet, N. Sergeant, A. Sergeant, and E. Manet Protein Kinase CK2 Phosphorylation of EB2 Regulates Its Function in the Production of Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Viral Particles J. Virol., November 1, 2007; 81(21): 11850 - 11860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. French, B. Luscher, and D. W. Litchfield Development of a Stabilized Form of the Regulatory CK2beta Subunit That Inhibits Cell Proliferation J. Biol. Chem., October 5, 2007; 282(40): 29667 - 29677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Gu, R. Husain-Ponnampalam, S. Hoffmann-Benning, and R. W. Henry The Protein Kinase CK2 Phosphorylates SNAP190 to Negatively Regulate SNAPC DNA Binding and Human U6 Transcription by RNA Polymerase III J. Biol. Chem., September 21, 2007; 282(38): 27887 - 27896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Zottini, A. Costa, R. De Michele, M. Ruzzene, F. Carimi, and F. Lo Schiavo Salicylic acid activates nitric oxide synthesis in Arabidopsis J. Exp. Bot., April 1, 2007; 58(6): 1397 - 1405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Ahmad, N. H. Harris, A. D. Johnson, H. C.N. Lindvall, G. Wang, and K. Ahmed Protein kinase CK2 modulates apoptosis induced by resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate in prostate cancer cells Mol. Cancer Ther., March 1, 2007; 6(3): 1006 - 1012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Kim, J. I. Eom, J.-W. Cheong, A. J. Choi, J. K. Lee, W. I. Yang, and Y. H. Min Protein Kinase CK2{alpha} as an Unfavorable Prognostic Marker and Novel Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2007; 13(3): 1019 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Tapia, V. A. Torres, D. A. Rodriguez, L. Leyton, and A. F. G. Quest Casein kinase 2 (CK2) increases survivin expression via enhanced beta-catenin-T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor-dependent transcription PNAS, October 10, 2006; 103(41): 15079 - 15084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Salinas, D. Fuentes, E. Vidal, X. Jordana, M. Echeverria, and L. Holuigue An Extensive Survey of CK2 {alpha} and {beta} Subunits in Arabidopsis: Multiple Isoforms Exhibit Differential Subcellular Localization Plant Cell Physiol., September 1, 2006; 47(9): 1295 - 1308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. A. Piazza, M. Ruzzene, C. Gurrieri, B. Montini, L. Bonanni, G. Chioetto, G. Di Maira, F. Barbon, A. Cabrelle, R. Zambello, et al. Multiple myeloma cell survival relies on high activity of protein kinase CK2 Blood, September 1, 2006; 108(5): 1698 - 1707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Gao and H.-y. Wang Casein Kinase 2 Is Activated and Essential for Wnt/beta-Catenin Signaling J. Biol. Chem., July 7, 2006; 281(27): 18394 - 18400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Ahmad, G. Wang, and K. Ahmed Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide Production Is an Upstream Event in Apoptosis Induced by Down-Regulation of Casein Kinase 2 in Prostate Cancer Cells Mol. Cancer Res., May 1, 2006; 4(5): 331 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Kramerov, M. Saghizadeh, H. Pan, A. Kabosova, M. Montenarh, K. Ahmed, J. S. Penn, C. K. Chan, D. R. Hinton, M. B. Grant, et al. Expression of Protein Kinase CK2 in Astroglial Cells of Normal and Neovascularized Retina Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2006; 168(5): 1722 - 1736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Hu, Y.-K. Bae, K. M. Knobel, and M. M. Barr Casein Kinase II and Calcineurin Modulate TRPP Function and Ciliary Localization Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2006; 17(5): 2200 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Li, B. Guan, S. Maghami, and C. J. Bieberich NKX3.1 Is Regulated by Protein Kinase CK2 in Prostate Tumor Cells Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2006; 26(8): 3008 - 3017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.-M. Yang, R. Rinke, and C. Korbmacher Stimulation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) by cAMP Involves Putative ERK Phosphorylation Sites in the C Termini of the Channel's beta- and {gamma}-Subunit J. Biol. Chem., April 14, 2006; 281(15): 9859 - 9868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Montagnoli, B. Valsasina, D. Brotherton, S. Troiani, S. Rainoldi, P. Tenca, A. Molinari, and C. Santocanale Identification of Mcm2 Phosphorylation Sites by S-phase-regulating Kinases J. Biol. Chem., April 14, 2006; 281(15): 10281 - 10290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-F. Chang and G. M. Carman Casein Kinase II Phosphorylation of the Yeast Phospholipid Synthesis Transcription Factor Opi1p J. Biol. Chem., February 24, 2006; 281(8): 4754 - 4761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Wang, K. A. Ahmad, and K. Ahmed Role of Protein Kinase CK2 in the Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand-Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells Cancer Res., February 15, 2006; 66(4): 2242 - 2249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Remus, M. Blanchette, D. C. Rio, and M. R. Botchan CDK Phosphorylation Inhibits the DNA-binding and ATP-hydrolysis Activities of the Drosophila Origin Recognition Complex J. Biol. Chem., December 2, 2005; 280(48): 39740 - 39751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Gu, W. J. Esselman, and R. W. Henry Cooperation between Small Nuclear RNA-activating Protein Complex (SNAPC) and TATA-box-binding Protein Antagonizes Protein Kinase CK2 Inhibition of DNA Binding by SNAPC J. Biol. Chem., July 29, 2005; 280(30): 27697 - 27704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yamada, S. Katsuma, T. Adachi, A. Hirasawa, S. Shiojima, T. Kadowaki, Y. Okuno, T.-a. Koshimizu, S. Fujii, Y. Sekiya, et al. Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 prevents the progression of glomerulonephritis PNAS, May 24, 2005; 102(21): 7736 - 7741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Trembley, S. Tatsumi, E. Sakashita, P. Loyer, C. A. Slaughter, H. Suzuki, H. Endo, V. J. Kidd, and A. Mayeda Activation of Pre-mRNA Splicing by Human RNPS1 Is Regulated by CK2 Phosphorylation Mol. Cell. Biol., February 15, 2005; 25(4): 1446 - 1457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. V. Ljubimov, S. Caballero, A. M. Aoki, L. A. Pinna, M. B. Grant, and R. Castellon Involvement of Protein Kinase CK2 in Angiogenesis and Retinal Neovascularization Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2004; 45(12): 4583 - 4591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Slaton, G. M. Unger, D. T. Sloper, A. T. Davis, and K. Ahmed Induction of Apoptosis by Antisense CK2 in Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model Mol. Cancer Res., December 1, 2004; 2(12): 712 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Waxman, A. M. Hocking, C. L. Stoick, and R. T. Moon Zebrafish Dapper1 and Dapper2 play distinct roles in Wnt-mediated developmental processes Development, December 1, 2004; 131(23): 5909 - 5921. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. B. Lim, Z. Hou, C.-P. Goh, and R. Z. Qi Protein Kinase CK2 Is an Inhibitor of the Neuronal Cdk5 Kinase J. Biol. Chem., November 5, 2004; 279(45): 46668 - 46673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. I. Schwartz, R. V. Intine, and R. J. Maraia CK2 Is Responsible for Phosphorylation of Human La Protein Serine-366 and Can Modulate rpL37 5'-Terminal Oligopyrimidine mRNA Metabolism Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 2004; 24(21): 9580 - 9591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Solyakov, K. Cain, B. M. Tracey, R. Jukes, A. M. Riley, B. V. L. Potter, and A. B. Tobin Regulation of Casein Kinase-2 (CK2) Activity by Inositol Phosphates J. Biol. Chem., October 15, 2004; 279(42): 43403 - 43410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. K. Olsten, D. A. Canton, C. Zhang, P. A. Walton, and D. W. Litchfield The Pleckstrin Homology Domain of CK2 Interacting Protein-1 Is Required for Interactions and Recruitment of Protein Kinase CK2 to the Plasma Membrane J. Biol. Chem., October 1, 2004; 279(40): 42114 - 42127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. L. Russo, M. Tosto, A. Mupo, I. Castellano, A. Cuomo, and E. Tosti Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Protein Kinase CK2 in Ascidian Ciona intestinalis Oocytes at Fertilization: CLONING AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF cDNA FOR {alpha} AND {beta} SUBUNITS J. Biol. Chem., July 30, 2004; 279(31): 33012 - 33023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Penrose, M. Garcia-Alai, G. de Prat-Gay, and A. A. McBride Casein Kinase II Phosphorylation-induced Conformational Switch Triggers Degradation of the Papillomavirus E2 Protein J. Biol. Chem., May 21, 2004; 279(21): 22430 - 22439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Miyata and E. Nishida CK2 Controls Multiple Protein Kinases by Phosphorylating a Kinase-Targeting Molecular Chaperone, Cdc37 Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2004; 24(9): 4065 - 4074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ghose, M. Malik, and P. W. Huber Restricted Specificity of Xenopus TFIIIA for Transcription of Somatic 5S rRNA Genes Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2004; 24(6): 2467 - 2477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Barz, K. Ackermann, G. Dubois, R. Eils, and W. Pyerin Genome-wide expression screens indicate a global role for protein kinase CK2 in chromatin remodeling J. Cell Sci., April 15, 2003; 116(8): 1563 - 1577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Kobayashi and M. M. Nagiec Ceramide/Long-Chain Base Phosphate Rheostat in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Regulation of Ceramide Synthesis by Elo3p and Cka2p Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2003; 2(2): 284 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. MEGGIO and L. A. PINNA One-thousand-and-one substrates of protein kinase CK2? FASEB J, March 1, 2003; 17(3): 349 - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Hinners and S. A. Tooze Changing directions: clathrin-mediated transport between the Golgi and endosomes J. Cell Sci., March 1, 2003; 116(5): 763 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. De Moliner, S. Moro, S. Sarno, G. Zagotto, G. Zanotti, L. A. Pinna, and R. Battistutta Inhibition of Protein Kinase CK2 by Anthraquinone-related Compounds. A STRUCTURAL INSIGHT J. Biol. Chem., January 10, 2003; 278(3): 1831 - 1836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
