|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | |||||
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.00611
Commentary |
1 Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L
3N6
2 Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018,
USA
3 Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular
and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G
1L6
* Author for correspondnce (e-mail: charlie.boone{at}utoronto.ca)
Eukaryotic cells require filamentous actin to maintain their shape and for movement, growth and replication. New actin filaments are formed by the cutting of existing filaments or de novo through the action of specialized nucleators. The most highly characterized nucleator is the Arp2/3 complex, which nucleates the branched actin networks in the lamellae of migrating cells. Recently, Bni1p, which is a member of the formin family of proteins, has been shown to nucleate actin filaments in vitro. Formins are implicated in the formation of actin cables in yeast, stress fibers in tissue culture cells and cytokinesis in many cell types. Formins contain two highly conserved formin-homology domains, FH1 and FH2. The Bni1p FH2 domain is sufficient to mediate nucleation. The Bni1p FH1 domain binds profilin, an actin-monomer-binding protein that delivers actin to the growing barbed end of filaments. The Bni1p FH1-profilin interaction enhances nucleation. Formins participate in a number of signaling pathways that control the assembly of specific actin structures and bind the barbed end of actin filaments, thereby providing a cytoskeletal basis for the establishment of cell polarity.
Key words: Formins, Bni1p, Cell polarity, Actin assembly, Signal transduction
Related articles in JCS:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  O. T. Fackler and R. Grosse Cell motility through plasma membrane blebbing J. Cell Biol., June 16, 2008; 181(6): 879 - 884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Noguchi, M. Lenartowska, A. D. Rogat, D. J. Frank, and K. G. Miller Proper Cellular Reorganization during Drosophila Spermatid Individualization Depends on Actin Structures Composed of Two Domains, Bundles and Meshwork, That Are Differentially Regulated and Have Different Functions Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 2008; 19(6): 2363 - 2372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Yu, M. Qi, M. A. Sheff, and E. A. Elion Counteractive Control of Polarized Morphogenesis during Mating by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Fus3 and G1 Cyclin-dependent Kinase Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2008; 19(4): 1739 - 1752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J.R. Loewen, B. P. Young, S. Tavassoli, and T. P. Levine Inheritance of cortical ER in yeast is required for normal septin organization J. Cell Biol., November 5, 2007; 179(3): 467 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Applewhite, M. Barzik, S.-i. Kojima, T. M. Svitkina, F. B. Gertler, and G. G. Borisy Ena/VASP Proteins Have an Anti-Capping Independent Function in Filopodia Formation Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2007; 18(7): 2579 - 2591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Lartey, M. Smith, J. Pawade, B. Strachan, H. Mellor, and A. L. Bernal Up-Regulation of Myometrial RHO Effector Proteins (PKN1 and DIAPH1) and CPI-17 (PPP1R14A) Phosphorylation in Human Pregnancy Is Associated with Increased GTP-RHOA in Spontaneous Preterm Labor Biol Reprod, June 1, 2007; 76(6): 971 - 982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Stirling, M. Srayko, K. S. Takhar, A. Pozniakovsky, A. A. Hyman, and M. R. Leroux Functional Interaction between Phosducin-like Protein 2 and Cytosolic Chaperonin Is Essential for Cytoskeletal Protein Function and Cell Cycle Progression Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 2007; 18(6): 2336 - 2345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Aronov, R. Gelin-Licht, G. Zipor, L. Haim, E. Safran, and J. E. Gerst mRNAs Encoding Polarity and Exocytosis Factors Are Cotransported with the Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Incipient Bud in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2007; 27(9): 3441 - 3455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Buttery, S. Yoshida, and D. Pellman Yeast Formins Bni1 and Bnr1 Utilize Different Modes of Cortical Interaction during the Assembly of Actin Cables Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2007; 18(5): 1826 - 1838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Bertling, O. Quintero-Monzon, P. K. Mattila, B. L. Goode, and P. Lappalainen Mechanism and biological role of profilin-Srv2/CAP interaction J. Cell Sci., April 1, 2007; 120(7): 1225 - 1234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Mongiu, E. L. Weitzke, O. Y. Chaga, and G. G. Borisy Kinetic-structural analysis of neuronal growth cone veil motility J. Cell Sci., March 15, 2007; 120(6): 1113 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-O. Park and E. Bi Central Roles of Small GTPases in the Development of Cell Polarity in Yeast and Beyond Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2007; 71(1): 48 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. J. Sigal, O. A. Quintero, R. E. Cheney, and A. J. Morris Cdc42 and ARP2/3-independent regulation of filopodia by an integral membrane lipid-phosphatase-related protein J. Cell Sci., January 15, 2007; 120(2): 340 - 352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C.G. Rida, A. Nishikawa, G. Y. Won, and N. Dean Yeast-to-Hyphal Transition Triggers Formin-dependent Golgi Localization to the Growing Tip in Candida albicans Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2006; 17(10): 4364 - 4378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Moseley and B. L. Goode The Yeast Actin Cytoskeleton: from Cellular Function to Biochemical Mechanism Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 2006; 70(3): 605 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Seth, C. Otomo, and M. K. Rosen Autoinhibition regulates cellular localization and actin assembly activity of the diaphanous-related formins FRL{alpha} and mDia1 J. Cell Biol., August 28, 2006; 174(5): 701 - 713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Gallo RhoA-kinase coordinates F-actin organization and myosin II activity during semaphorin-3A-induced axon retraction. J. Cell Sci., August 15, 2006; 119(Pt 16): 3413 - 3423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yae, V. W. Keng, M. Koike, K. Yusa, M. Kouno, Y. Uno, G. Kondoh, T. Gotow, Y. Uchiyama, K. Horie, et al. Sleeping beauty transposon-based phenotypic analysis of mice: lack of arpc3 results in defective trophoblast outgrowth. Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2006; 26(16): 6185 - 6196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Virag and S. D. Harris Functional Characterization of Aspergillus nidulans Homologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spa2 and Bud6 Eukaryot. Cell, June 1, 2006; 5(6): 881 - 895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yoshiuchi, T. Yamamoto, H. Sakane, J. Kadota, J. Mochida, M. Asaka, and K. Tanaka Identification of Novel Mutations in ACT1 and SLA2 That Suppress the Actin-Cable-Overproducing Phenotype Caused by Overexpression of a Dominant Active Form of Bni1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, June 1, 2006; 173(2): 527 - 539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Bugyi, G. Papp, G. Hild, D. Lorinczy, E. M. Nevalainen, P. Lappalainen, B. Somogyi, and M. Nyitrai Formins Regulate Actin Filament Flexibility through Long Range Allosteric Interactions J. Biol. Chem., April 21, 2006; 281(16): 10727 - 10736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Uruno, K. Remmert, and J. A. Hammer III CARMIL Is a Potent Capping Protein Antagonist: IDENTIFICATION OF A CONSERVED CARMIL DOMAIN THAT INHIBITS THE ACTIVITY OF CAPPING PROTEIN AND UNCAPS CAPPED ACTIN FILAMENTS J. Biol. Chem., April 14, 2006; 281(15): 10635 - 10650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Matusek, A. Djiane, F. Jankovics, D. Brunner, M. Mlodzik, and J. Mihaly The Drosophila formin DAAM regulates the tracheal cuticle pattern through organizing the actin cytoskeleton Development, March 1, 2006; 133(5): 957 - 966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q.-Y. Sun and H. Schatten Regulation of dynamic events by microfilaments during oocyte maturation and fertilization Reproduction, February 1, 2006; 131(2): 193 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-P. Schmitz, A. Kaufmann, M. Kohli, P. P. Laissue, and P. Philippsen From Function to Shape: A Novel Role of a Formin in Morphogenesis of the Fungus Ashbya gossypii Mol. Biol. Cell, January 1, 2006; 17(1): 130 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kishimoto, T. Yamamoto, and K. Tanaka Defects in Structural Integrity of Ergosterol and the Cdc50p-Drs2p Putative Phospholipid Translocase Cause Accumulation of Endocytic Membranes, onto Which Actin Patches Are Assembled in Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, December 1, 2005; 16(12): 5592 - 5609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Martin, A. Walther, and J. Wendland Ras1-Induced Hyphal Development in Candida albicans Requires the Formin Bni1 Eukaryot. Cell, October 1, 2005; 4(10): 1712 - 1724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Moseley and B. L. Goode Differential Activities and Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Formin Proteins Bni1 and Bnr1 by Bud6 J. Biol. Chem., July 29, 2005; 280(30): 28023 - 28033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Kanaya, R. Takeya, K. Takeuchi, N. Watanabe, N. Jing, and H. Sumimoto Fhos2, a novel formin-related actin-organizing protein, probably associates with the nestin intermediate filament Genes Cells, July 1, 2005; 10(7): 665 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Fernandez-Borja, L. Janssen, D. Verwoerd, P. Hordijk, and J. Neefjes RhoB regulates endosome transport by promoting actin assembly on endosomal membranes through Dia1 J. Cell Sci., June 15, 2005; 118(12): 2661 - 2670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Li, Y. M. Wang, X. De Zheng, H. Y. Liang, J. C. W. Tang, and Y. Wang The formin family protein CaBni1p has a role in cell polarity control during both yeast and hyphal growth in Candida albicans J. Cell Sci., June 15, 2005; 118(12): 2637 - 2648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Levin Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., June 1, 2005; 69(2): 262 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Yi, C. Guo, D. Chen, B. Zhao, B. Yang, and H. Ren Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Formin-Like Protein (AtFH8) from Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, June 1, 2005; 138(2): 1071 - 1082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Diez, G. Gerisch, K. Anderson, A. Muller-Taubenberger, and T. Bretschneider Subsecond reorganization of the actin network in cell motility and chemotaxis PNAS, May 24, 2005; 102(21): 7601 - 7606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Kovar, J.-Q. Wu, and T. D. Pollard Profilin-mediated Competition between Capping Protein and Formin Cdc12p during Cytokinesis in Fission Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2005; 16(5): 2313 - 2324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Huisman and M. Segal Cortical capture of microtubules and spindle polarity in budding yeast - where's the catch? J. Cell Sci., February 1, 2005; 118(3): 463 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. DesMarais, M. Ghosh, R. Eddy, and J. Condeelis Cofilin takes the lead J. Cell Sci., January 1, 2005; 118(1): 19 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Bisgrove, W. E. Hable, and D. L. Kropf +TIPs and Microtubule Regulation. The Beginning of the Plus End in Plants Plant Physiology, December 1, 2004; 136(4): 3855 - 3863. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Pruyne, L. Gao, E. Bi, and A. Bretscher Stable and Dynamic Axes of Polarity Use Distinct Formin Isoforms in Budding Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2004; 15(11): 4971 - 4989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Walther and J. Wendland Apical localization of actin patches and vacuolar dynamics in Ashbya gossypii depend on the WASP homolog Wal1p J. Cell Sci., October 1, 2004; 117(21): 4947 - 4958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Aronov and J. E. Gerst Involvement of the Late Secretory Pathway in Actin Regulation and mRNA Transport in Yeast J. Biol. Chem., August 27, 2004; 279(35): 36962 - 36971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Pearson, K. Xu, K. E. Sharpless, and S. D. Harris MesA, a Novel Fungal Protein Required for the Stabilization of Polarity Axes in Aspergillus nidulans Mol. Biol. Cell, August 1, 2004; 15(8): 3658 - 3672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Michos, L. Panman, K. Vintersten, K. Beier, R. Zeller, and A. Zuniga Gremlin-mediated BMP antagonism induces the epithelial-mesenchymal feedback signaling controlling metanephric kidney and limb organogenesis Development, July 15, 2004; 131(14): 3401 - 3410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Zuniga, O. Michos, F. Spitz, A.-P. G. Haramis, L. Panman, A. Galli, K. Vintersten, C. Klasen, W. Mansfield, S. Kuc, et al. Mouse limb deformity mutations disrupt a global control region within the large regulatory landscape required for Gremlin expression Genes & Dev., July 1, 2004; 18(13): 1553 - 1564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. vandenBerg, A. S. Ibrahim, J. E. Edwards Jr., K. A. Toenjes, and D. I. Johnson Cdc42p GTPase Regulates the Budded-to-Hyphal-Form Transition and Expression of Hypha-Specific Transcripts in Candida albicans Eukaryot. Cell, June 1, 2004; 3(3): 724 - 734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Gill, J. Roecklein-Canfield, D. R. Sage, M. Zambela-Soediono, N. Longtine, M. Uknis, and J. D. Fingeroth EBV attachment stimulates FHOS/FHOD1 redistribution and co-aggregation with CD21: formin interactions with the cytoplasmic domain of human CD21 J. Cell Sci., June 1, 2004; 117(13): 2709 - 2720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Sanchez-Martin, N. Sanchez-Sanchez, M. D. Gutierrez-Lopez, A. I. Rojo, M. Vicente-Manzanares, M. J. Perez-Alvarez, P. Sanchez-Mateos, X. R. Bustelo, A. Cuadrado, F. Sanchez-Madrid, et al. Signaling through the Leukocyte Integrin LFA-1 in T Cells Induces a Transient Activation of Rac-1 That Is Regulated by Vav and PI3K/Akt-1 J. Biol. Chem., April 16, 2004; 279(16): 16194 - 16205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Walther and J. Wendland Polarized Hyphal Growth in Candida albicans Requires the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Homolog Wal1p Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2004; 3(2): 471 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Higashida, T. Miyoshi, A. Fujita, F. Oceguera-Yanez, J. Monypenny, Y. Andou, S. Narumiya, and N. Watanabe Actin Polymerization-Driven Molecular Movement of mDia1 in Living Cells Science, March 26, 2004; 303(5666): 2007 - 2010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Etienne-Manneville Cdc42 - the centre of polarity J. Cell Sci., March 15, 2004; 117(8): 1291 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Moseley, I. Sagot, A. L. Manning, Y. Xu, M. J. Eck, D. Pellman, and B. L. Goode A Conserved Mechanism for Bni1- and mDia1-induced Actin Assembly and Dual Regulation of Bni1 by Bud6 and Profilin Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2004; 15(2): 896 - 907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Nelson, A. B. Parsons, M. Evangelista, K. Schaefer, K. Kennedy, S. Ritchie, T. L. Petryshen, and C. Boone Fus1p Interacts With Components of the Hog1p Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Cdc42p Morphogenesis Signaling Pathways to Control Cell Fusion During Yeast Mating Genetics, January 1, 2004; 166(1): 67 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Loomis, L. Zheng, G. Sekerkova, B. Changyaleket, E. Mugnaini, and J. R. Bartles Espin cross-links cause the elongation of microvillus-type parallel actin bundles in vivo J. Cell Biol., December 8, 2003; 163(5): 1045 - 1055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Saint and W. G. Somers Animal cell division: a fellowship of the double ring? J. Cell Sci., November 1, 2003; 116(21): 4277 - 4281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Zakrzewska, M. Perron, A. Laroche, and D. Pallotta A Role for GEA1 and GEA2 in the Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, November 1, 2003; 165(3): 985 - 995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Bito Dynamic Control of Neuronal Morphogenesis by Rho Signaling J. Biochem., September 1, 2003; 134(3): 315 - 319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
